Spiritual Crisis in Modernism: A Study of W. B. Yeats’s Poetic Vision
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/bej.2025.5Keywords:
modernist poetry, spiritual crisis, symbolism, The Second Coming, Sailing to ByzantiumAbstract
This research paper aims to explore the depiction of spiritual crisis in W. B. Yeats's poetry. William Butler Yeats is one of the prominent modernist poets of the English literary canon. Yeats is renowned for his intricate language, vivid imagery, and symbolic richness. He largely used a great deal of symbols to depict the modern man's moral, political, and spiritual crisis of his time. In this study, the author selects two great poems of W. B. Yeats, ‘The Second Coming’ and ‘Sailing to Byzantium.’ The study critically examines these poems from a modernist perspective. Yeats clearly depicts the moral degradation, spiritual sterility, fragmentation, alienation, and disillusionment of early twentieth-century post-war modern Europe. Methodologically, the study is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. In the light of the poems' analysis, the findings of the study show that Yeats’s poetic expression mirrors the modernist spiritual vacuum. This study offers fresh insight into the spiritual crisis of modernism through Yeats’s poetic lens.
References
Abrams, M. H. (1999). A glossary of literary terms (7th ed.). Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Auden, W. H. (1979). Selected poems. Vintage Books.
Childs, P., & Fowler, R. (2006). The Routledge dictionary of literary terms. Taylor & Francis.
Coles Editorial Board. (2001). Yeats' poetry notes. Coles Publishing Company Limited.
Ellmann, R. (1987). Yeats the man and the masks. Penguin Group.
Finneran, R. (Ed.). (1989). The collected poems of W. B. Yeats. Macmillan.
Hinchliffe, A. P. (1987). The Waste Land and Ash Wednesday. Macmillan.
Hone, J. (1962). W. B. Yeats: 1865-1939. Macmillan.
Howart, P. (2012). The Cambridge introduction to modernist poetry. Cambridge University Press.
Howes, M., & Kelley, J. (Eds.). (2006). The Cambridge companion to W. B. Yeats. Cambridge University Press.
Jain, M. (1991). A critical reading of the selected poems of T. S. Eliot. Oxford University Press.
Jeffares, A. N. (1949). Yeats: Man and poet. Macmillan.
Jeffares, A. N. (1984). A new commentary on the poems of W. B. Yeats. Stanford University Press.
Kelly, J. (2003). A W. B. Yeats chronology. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.
Lall, R. (2004). Studies in poets: W. B. Yeats. Rama Brothers.
Oxford University Press. (2000). Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Surette, L. (1993). The birth of modernism. McGill-Queen's University Press.
Symons, A. (2001). Yeats’s poetry notes. Rama Brothers Educational Publishers.
Yeats, W. B. (2011). Selected poems (R. Gill, Ed.). Oxford University Press.
Yeats, W. B. (1952). Autobiographies. Macmillan.


