FACTORS AFFECTING HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ LEARNING ON METAVERSE ECOSYSTEM
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Abstract
This study investigates the key success factors of implementing metaverse-based instruction in higher education. By applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), it synthesizes critical variables and develops a holistic learning model. Utilizing a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines, relevant literature (2020–2025) was retrieved from the Scopus database. Out of an initial 11,296 records, 18 articles were selected for in-depth content analysis and keyword co-occurrence mapping using VOSviewer.
The findings reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment, social influence, and self-efficacy positively influence behavioral intention, while cybersecurity risks and costs act as inhibitors. These insights led to a three-part integrated framework: a 7-layer metaverse ecosystem foundation, TAM-based drivers, and immersive learning goals. The study underscores that success depends more on learners' perceptions than the technology itself. Consequently, higher education institutions should develop digital infrastructure alongside fostering digital intelligence to mitigate technical constraints, promote positive attitudes, and elevate learners to co-creators for sustainable learning outcomes.
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