Development of Gamification Based on Outcome-Based Education to Enhance Environmental Learning
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Abstract
This study aims to analyzes and synthesizes gamification components within the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework. The objectives are: (1) to examine gamification components that integrate expected learning outcomes aligned with the KSA (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes) competency framework in environmental education; (2) to design and develop a prototype system applying game mechanics to promote environmental knowledge; and (3) to assess technical efficiency and evaluate structural validity of the prototype system in reflecting learning outcomes. The methodology involved analyzing learning outcomes and determining game mechanics aligned with four content topics: electrical energy conservation, water and resource management, waste management and circular economy, and greenhouse gases and climate change. The findings revealed that Knowledge was the most developed dimension with 10 items (38.46%), followed by Skills with 9 items (34.62%), while Attitudes comprising 7 items (26.92%) was the least developed dimension. These results highlight opportunities for developing learning activities aimed at fostering environmental awareness and promoting sustainable pro-environmental behavior change among learners.
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