Buddhist Anthropology: The Dynamics of Adaptation and Roles of Thai Temple Communities Abroad under the Currents of Globalization

Abstract

This academic article aims to explore and analyze the phenomenon of the existence of Thai Buddhism in transnational contexts through the lens of “Buddhist Anthropology” amidst the forces of globalization, which have generated complex flows of cultural and population mobility. The study finds that Thai temples abroad do not function merely as traditional religious spaces for ritual practice; rather, they have evolved into hybrid cultural spaces that help alleviate feelings of alienation and cultural nostalgia among Thai diaspora communities, who must navigate differences in language, legal systems, and ways of life.
The analysis reveals that the adaptive dynamics of Thai temples overseas can be understood through three key dimensions. First, the re-spatialization of sacred space, in which temples move beyond fixed physical forms toward the management of interior space as a therapeutic and conducive environment (sappaya), aligned with local legal frameworks and climatic conditions. Second, the role of Buddhist monks as cultural translators, who are required to go beyond the preservation of monastic discipline and instead function as applied anthropologists, capable of engaging with multicultural societies and communicating the Dhamma in accessible, universal language for both local and younger generations. Third, the formation of radical inclusivity communities, in which temples must avoid becoming ethnic enclaves and instead develop into international Buddhist centers that welcome people of all backgrounds equally. This involves flexible adaptation of rituals and the creation of activities that support the intellectual and spiritual well-being of local communities, thereby enabling Thai Buddhism to take root and sustainably flourish in contemporary global contexts.