Buddhist Anthropology: The Dynamics of Adaptation and Roles of Thai Temple Communities Abroad under the Currents of Globalization

Abstract

This academic article explores and analyzes the existence of Thai Buddhism in distant lands through the lens of Buddhist Anthropology, amidst the complex cultural and demographic shifts driven by globalization. The study finds that Thai temples abroad function not merely as traditional meditation centers but have evolved into Hybrid Cultural Spaces. These spaces serve to heal the alienation and spiritual longing of the Thai diaspora, who must navigate differences in language, law, and lifestyle in foreign environments.

The analysis reveals that the dynamics of adaptation within Thai temples abroad comprise three key dimensions: 1) Spatial and architectural adaptation to align with Western urban planning and climates, 2) The flexible redefinition of merit-making and rituals to accommodate the time constraints of modern workers, and 3) The role of Dhammaduta Bhikkhus as Cultural Ambassadors and Spiritual Social Workers. This article suggests that the sustainability of Buddhist institutions abroad depends on the ability to balance the preservation of the Dhamma Essence with the embrace of Inclusivity. This ensures that temples remain spaces of wisdom for all ethnicities rather than exclusive ethnic enclaves. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of enhancing Dhammaduta training with cultural anthropology, ensuring that the global propagation of Buddhism remains profoundly contemporary and impactful in the 21st century.